In this paper, some changes concerning the legislation of surnames in the recently proposed new law on personal names in Sweden are discussed. Some important new elements are that it will be allowed to form double surnames, that the most common surnames (with more than 2 000 bearers, around 470 names) will be ”free” to take for anyone, and that it will be harder to take a name that is too similar to an existing surname (apart from the “free” names). The proposed law also stipulates that all new name suggestions are to be subject to linguistic approval. With the help of name examples taken from new surnames passed in 2012, the ruling under the present name law is contrasted to that in the new proposed law and some different results are noted.